Handbook of Rocks, Minerals and Gemstones
Table of Contents
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General introduction
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8
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MINERALS
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10
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THE SCIENCE OF MINERALS
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11
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The history of the mineral sciences
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11
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The origins and structure of minerals
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12
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Properties of minerals
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20
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Classification of minerals
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32
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ROCK-FORMING MINERALS
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35
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Minerals of igneous rocks
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35
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Quartz 36, feldspars 40, feldspathoids 42, micas 46, pyroxenes 48, amphiboles 52, olivine 52, apatite 54, fluorite 54, rutile 56, zeolites 58 |
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Minerals of sedimentary rocks
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62
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Clay minerals 62, saline minerals 62, carbonate minerals 70, celestine 74, barite 74 |
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Minerals of metamorphic rocks
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76
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Andalusite 76, sillimanite 76, staurolite 78, kyanite 78, garnet 80, zoisite 82, epidote 82, chlorite 84, talc 84, actinolite 86, serpentine 88, graphite 88, cordierite 90, wollastonite 92 |
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ORE-FORMING MINERALS
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95
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Ore deposits
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96
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Minerals of precious metal ores
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100
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Minerals of ferrous metal ores
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104
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Ore minerals of iron 104, manganese 108, molybdenum 112, nickel 114, tungsten 116, chromium 116, cobalt 118, vanadium 120, titanium 122, tantalum 122 |
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Minerals of the non-ferrous metal ores
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124
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Ore minerals of copper 124, lead 128, zinc 132, tin 134, bismuth 136, mercury 138, arsenic 140, antimony 144, raw material of light metals 148, radioactive minerals 150, sulphur-bearing minerals 152 |
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MINERALS AS GEMSTONES
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157
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Diamond 162, corundum 162, beryl 164, spinel 166, topaz 166, zircon 166, tourmaline 168, jadeite 168, tanzanite 170, amazonite 170, rhodonite 172, lapis lazuli 172, turquoise 172, malachite 172, amethyst 174, rose quartz 174, tiger's eye 176, chalcedony 178, opal 180, azurite 182, dioptase 182, coral 184, amber 184, pearls 184 |
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ROCKS
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186
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INTRODUCTION TO PETROLOGY
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187
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IGNEOUS ROCKS
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190
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Plutonic Rocks
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195
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Families of quartzolites 198, granites 200, syenites 216, diorites / gabbros 220, peridotites 224 |
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Volcanic Rocks
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228
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Pyroclastic rocks 232, rock glasses 236, Families of rhyolites 240, trachytes 242, andesites / basalts 244, picrites 252 |
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Dyke rocks
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256
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
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260
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Clastic sedimentary rocks
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264
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Families of psephites 266, psammites 272, pelites 276 |
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Chemical-biogenic sedimentary rocks
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280
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Families of calcareous rocks 280, siliceous rocks 292, phosphatic rocks 294, ferriferous rocks 294, saline rocks 296, residual rocks 300, carbonaceous rocks 300 |
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METAMORPHIC ROCKS
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304
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Families of gneisses 308, schists 312, felses 318 |
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METEORITES
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330
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STONES FROM OUTER SPACE
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331
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Impact rocks 331, iron meteorites 332, stony meteorites, stony-iron meteorites 332, tektites 334, fulgurites 334 |
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APPENDIX
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336
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Hints for collectors
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336
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Table of chemical elements
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337
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Selection of British Standard and ASTM regulations on natural stone
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338
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Geological column
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339
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Bibliography
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340
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Mineral determinative tables
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342
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Aids to the identification of rocks
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366
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Index
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371
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