Roadside Geology of Minnesota - Table of Contents
|
Introduction
|
1
|
|
Understanding the Earth
|
5
|
| Plate Tectonics
|
5
|
| Archean Time
|
8
|
| Early Proterozoic Time
|
10
|
| Iron-Formations
|
13
|
| Middle to Late Proterozoic Time
|
15
|
| Midcontinent Rift System
|
15
|
| Paleozoic Time
|
18
|
| Mesozoic Time
|
20
|
| Tertiary Time (Paleogene-Neogene)
|
21
|
| Pleistocene Time
|
22
|
| Glacial Deposits
|
25
|
| Glacial Lakes and Glacial Rivers
|
29
|
| Holocene Time
|
30
|
| Land of 10,000 Lakes
|
31
|
| Peatlands
|
31
|
| Vegetation Changes
|
34
|
| Continental Divides, Rivers, and Drainage Basins
|
36
|
Northeastern Minnesota
|
39
|
|
Glacial Geology
|
39
|
|
Bedrock Geology
|
40
|
| Vermilion District
|
40
|
| Animikie Basin and Iron-Formation
|
41
|
| Duluth Complex and North Shore Volcanic Group
|
44
|
|
ROAD GUIDES
|
47
|
|
Duluth
|
47
|
|
Interstate 35: Duluth - Twin Cities
|
56
|
|
US 2: Duluth - Grand Rapids
|
66
|
|
US 53: Duluth - International Falls
|
71
|
|
US 169: Twin Cities - Grand Rapids
|
93
|
|
US 169/Minnesota 169: Grand Rapids - Ely
|
96
|
|
Minnesota 1: Illgen City - Ely
|
114
|
|
Minnesota 11: International Falls - Voyageurs National Park
|
116
|
|
Minnesota 23: Duluth - St. Cloud
|
121
|
|
Minnesota 38: Grand Rapids - Effie
|
124
|
|
Minnesota 61: Duluth - Canadian Border
|
128
|
|
Minnesota 210: Fond du Lac - Brainerd
|
157
|
|
Vermilion Trail (County Road 4 and Minnesota 135): Duluth - Biwabik - Tower
|
167
|
|
Gunflint Trail (County Road 12): Grand Marais - Trails End Campground
|
170
|
|
Echo Trail (County Roads 88 and 116): Ely - Echo Lake
|
180
|
|
National Forest Highway 11 (County Roads 15, 16, and 110): Silver Bay - Hoyt Lakes
|
186
|
Northwestern and Central Minnesota
|
191
|
|
Glacial Geology
|
191
|
|
Bedrock Geology
|
194
|
|
ROAD GUIDES
|
196
|
|
Interstate 94: Twin Cities - Moorhead
|
196
|
|
US 2: Grand Rapids - East Grand Forks
|
200
|
|
US 10: Twin Cities - Moorhead
|
204
|
|
US 12: Twin Cities - Ortonville
|
207
|
|
US 59: Canadian Border - Erskine
|
208
|
|
US 71: International Falls - Morton
|
209
|
|
US 75: Canadian Border - Ortonville
|
214
|
|
Minnesota 9: Breckenridge - New London
|
215
|
|
Minnesota 11: International Falls - Karlstad
|
216
|
|
Minnesota 23: St. Cloud - Granite Falls
|
226
|
|
Minnesota 28: Sauk Centre - Browns Valley
|
228
|
|
Minnesota 72: Blackduck - Baudette
|
232
|
|
Minnesota 210: Brainerd - Breckenridge
|
233
|
|
Minnesota 371: Brainerd - Little Falls
|
237
|
Southwestern Minnesota
|
239
|
|
Glacial Geology
|
239
|
|
Bedrock Geology
|
242
|
|
ROAD GUIDES
|
245
|
|
Interstate 90: South Dakota Border - Fairmont
|
245
|
|
US 14: New Ulm - South Dakota Border
|
247
|
|
US 71: Morton - Jackson
|
248
|
|
US 75: Ortonville - Interstate 90
|
251
|
|
Minnesota 23: Granite Falls - Interstate 90
|
257
|
Southeastern Minnesota
|
265
|
|
Glacial Geology
|
265
|
|
Bedrock Geology
|
267
|
|
St. Peter Sandstone
|
272
|
|
Deicke K-Bentonite
|
272
|
|
Sinkholes and Caves
|
274
|
|
ROAD GUIDES
|
277
|
|
Twin Cities
|
277
|
|
Interstate 35: Twin Cities - Iowa Border
|
284
|
|
Interstate 90: Fairmont - La Crosse, Wisconsin
|
287
|
|
US 14: Winona - New Ulm
|
290
|
|
US 52: Twin Cities - Iowa Border
|
292
|
|
US 61: St. Paul - La Crescent
|
299
|
|
US 169: Twin Cities - Blue Earth
|
310
|
|
Minnesota 16: La Crescent - Dexter
|
313
|
|
Minnesota 95: Taylors Falls - Stillwater
|
315
|
Glossary
|
323
|
Additional Readings
|
333
|
References Cited
|
335
|
Index
|
339
|
