Roadside Geology of Georgia
by Pamela J.W. Gore and William Witherspoon
Roadside Geology of Georgia
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Acknowledgments |
x
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Introduction |
1
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Geology Determines Landscape |
2
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Plate Tectonics |
3
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Georgia's Five Landscape Provinces |
6
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Sedimentation |
10
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Geologic Timescale |
12
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A Word about Collecting |
14
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Sea Islands |
15
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Longshore Drift and Tides |
15
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Beaches |
17
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Marshes |
20
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Ancient and Modern Shorelines |
21
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Road Guides of the Sea Islands |
21
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US 80: Savannah - Tybee Island |
21
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North Beach Area |
25
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South Beach Area |
25
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Wassaw Island and Sapelo Island |
27
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Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary |
31
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St. Simons Island and Its Neighbors |
31
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Jekyll Island |
37
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Cumberland Island National Seashore |
42
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Coastal Plain |
47
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Sedimentary Formations |
47
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Physiographic Districts |
52
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Fall Line Hills |
52
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Fort Valley Plateau |
53
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Vidalia Upland |
54
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Tifton Upland and Valdosta Limesink districts |
55
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Dougherty Plain |
55
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Bacon Terraces |
56
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Barrier Island Sequence District |
57
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Okefenokee Basin |
57
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Landforms |
60
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Pleistocene Sand Duna Fields |
60
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The Mysterious Carolina Bays |
60
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Fall Line HillsOrangeburg Escarpment |
62
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Fall Line HillsPelham Escarpment |
62
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It Came from Outer Space |
63
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Fossils |
64
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Sharks and Other Fish |
66
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Marine Reptiles |
66
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Dinosaurs and other Reptiles |
67
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Pleistocene-Age Vertebrates |
68
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Kaolin Deposits |
69
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Heavy Mineral Sand |
73
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Road Guides of the Coastal Plain |
74
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US 27: Columbus - Florida State Line |
74
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Providence Canyon State Outdoor Recreation Area |
76
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Lumpkin to Florida State Line |
78
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I-75: Macon - Florida State Line |
80
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Georgia 49: Byron - Americus |
84
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Andersonville and Bauxite |
86
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Georgia24: Milledgeville - Waynesboro |
89
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Kaolin Mines |
89
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Kaolin Processing Facility |
91
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Tennille Lime Sinks |
91
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Hidden Basins |
92
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Sandersville to Waynesboro |
94
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Shell Bluff |
96
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I-16: Macon - Savannah |
96
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US 341: Fall Line - Brunswick |
100
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Oaky Woods Wildlife Management Area |
103
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Perry to McRae |
103
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Little Ocmulgee State Park |
105
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McRae to Hazlehurst |
105
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Broxton Rocks Preserve |
106
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Hazlehurst to Jesup |
107
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Griffin Ridge Wildlife Management Area |
108
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Jesup to Brunswick |
108
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US 1: South Carolina State Line - Florida Sate Line |
108
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Ohoopee Dunes Natural area |
110
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Swainsboro to Waycross |
110
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Okefenokee Swamp Park |
111
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Trail Ridge |
112
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US 82: Alabama State Line - Brunswick |
113
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Albany and the Flint River |
113
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Radium Springs |
115
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Albany to Brunswick |
116
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I-95: South Carolina State Line - Florida State Line |
117
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Valley and Ridge and Appalachian Plateau |
121
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The Landscape in Relation to Anticlines and Synclines |
122
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Sedimentary Rocks and Ancient Geography |
126
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Fossils |
128
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Fossils of Cambrian Age |
128
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Fossils of Ordovician Age |
128
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Fossils of Mississippian Age |
130
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Fossils of Pennsylvanian Age |
130
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Road Guides of the Valle and Ridge and Appalachian Plateau |
133
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I-24 and I-59: Tennessee State Line - Alabama State Line |
133
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I-75: Tennessee State Line p Cartersville (US 411) |
137
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Ringgold Gap |
137
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Tunnel Hill to Daltonp |
141
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Rocky Face Mountain at Dug Gap |
142
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Resaca to Cartersville |
143
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Cartersville Mining District |
145
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Ladds Quarry and Etowah Mounds |
148
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GA 136: Alabama State Line - Carters Dam |
149
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Cloudland Canyon State Park |
150
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Lookout Mountain to Carters Dam |
153
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GA 157: Tennessee State Line - Cloudland |
159
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Rock city Gardens |
159
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Along Lookout Mountain |
161
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US 27: Tennessee State Line - Cedartown |
164
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Chickamauga Battlefield |
166
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Chickamauga to Gore |
168
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Chattanooga Shale |
168
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Gore to Cedartown |
170
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Cave Spring |
171
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State Quarry near Cedartown |
172
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Blue Ridge - Piedmont |
175
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Prematamorphic Character of the Blue Ridge - Piedmont Rocks |
175
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Metamorphism |
176
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Igneous Intrusions |
179
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Weathering |
179
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The Patchwork of Terranes Assembled in Paleozoic Time |
181
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Earthquakes Due to Human Activity |
185
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Pull-Apart Activity during the Mesozoic Era |
188
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The Dahlonega Gold Belt: A Terrane Discovered by Prospectors |
190
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Road Guides of the Blue Ridge - Piedmont |
191
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I-20: Alabama State Line - Austell |
191
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Pine Mountain Gold Museum |
193
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Villa Rica to Lithia Springs |
193
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I-75: Cartersville (US 411) - Kennesaw |
195
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Cooper's Furnace Day Use area and Allatoona Dam |
197
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Lake Allatoona and Red Top Mountain State Park |
199
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Allatoona Lake to Kennesaw |
200
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GA 5 (I-575 and GA 515 in part): Tennessee State Line - Kennesaw |
201
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Blue Ridge to Jasper |
203
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Marble Mining District |
204
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Ball Ground to Kennesaw |
208
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GA 52: Chatsworth - Lula |
209
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Fort Mountain State Park |
212
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Fort Mountain to Amicalola Falls |
213
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Amicalola Falls State Park |
214
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Amicalola Falls to Lula |
216
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US 19: North Carolina State Line - Cumming |
217
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Brasstown Bald |
217
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Blairsville to Dahlonega |
219
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Dahlonega |
220
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Dahlonega to Cumming |
221
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GA 17 (GA 385 and Alt GA 17 in part): Hiawassee - Toccoa |
223
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Smithgall Woods State Park |
223
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Unicoi State Park and Anna Ruby Falls |
223
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Helen to Toccoa |
225
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US 23/US 441 (becoming I-985/US 23): North Carolina State Line - Lake Lanier |
227
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Black rock Mountain State Park |
229
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Clayton to Tallulah Falls |
229
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Tallulah Gorge State Park |
231
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Tallulah Falls to I-85 |
233
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Lake Lanier and Buford Dam |
233
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I-85: South Carolina State Line - I-985 (Near Atlanta) |
235
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Hurricane Shoals Park |
235
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Nodoroc |
235
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Earthquakes at Dacula |
236
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US 78: Snellville - Thomson |
236
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Athens |
236
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Athens to Washington |
238
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Graves Mountain |
238
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Lincolnton Metadacite |
239
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Washington to Thomson |
240
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GA 72: Athens - South Carolina State Line |
241
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Watson Mill Bridge State Park |
241
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Elberton |
243
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Georgia Guidestones |
245
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Elberton to the South Carolina State Line |
246
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I-185: LaGrange - Columbus |
247
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GA 85: Atlanta - Columbus |
249
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The cove |
249
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Warm Springs and Little White House Historic Site |
253
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F. D. Roosevelt State Park |
256
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Sprewell Bluff State Outdoor Recreation Area |
257
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Manchester to Columbus |
259
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Flat Rock Park |
260
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The Fall Line and Rocky Shoals at Columbus |
260
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I-75: Atlanta - Macon |
262
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Indian Springs State Park |
264
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Barnesville and Thomaston Area |
264
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High Falls State Parak |
264
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Forsyth to Macon |
267
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I-20: Atlanta - Augusta |
267
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Appling Granite at Heggies Rock |
272
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Augusta |
274
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US 441/GA 24: Madison - Milledgeville |
276
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Rock Eagle |
276
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Milledgeville |
277
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Around Atlanta |
278
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Parks of Geologic Interest |
281
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Stone Mountain Park |
281
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Panola Mountain State Park |
286
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Davidson-Arabia Nature Preserve |
286
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Boat Rock Preserve |
289
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Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park |
290
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Sweetwater Creek State Park |
290
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Quarries and Road Cuts |
291
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Gneiss and Schist |
292
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Quartzite |
295
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Amphibolite |
295
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Soapstone Ridge |
296
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Mylonite |
297
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Appendix: Museums and Exhibits |
299
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Glossary |
305
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References |
319
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Index |
329
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