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Copper
Copper - Mineral Properties and Uses |
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What is Copper? |
Native copper is an element and a mineral. It is found in the oxidized zones of copper deposits; in hydrothermal veins; in the cavities of basalt that has been in contact with hydrothermal solutions; and as pore fillings and replacements in conglomerates that have been in contact with hydrothermal solutions. It is rarely found in large quantities, thus it is seldom the primary target of a mining operation. Most copper produced is extracted from sulfide deposits. |
Uses |
Native copper was probably one of the early metals worked by ancient people. Nuggets of the metal could be found in streams in a few areas and its properties allowed it to be easily worked without a required processing step. Today most copper is produced from sulfide ores.
Copper is an excellent conductor of electricity. Most copper mined today is used to conduct electricty - mostly as wiring. It is also an excellent conductor of heat and is used in cooking utensils, heat sinks and heat exchangers. Large amounts are also used to make alloys such as brass (copper and zinc) and bronze (copper, tin and zinc). Copper is also alloyed with precious metals such as gold and silver. Copper has many other uses. |
Color |
copper red on a fresh surface, dull brown on a tarnished surface |
Streak |
metallic copper red |
Luster |
metallic |
Diaphaneity |
opaque |
Cleavage |
none |
Hardness |
2.5 - 3 |
Specific Gravity |
8.9 |
Distinguishing
Characteristics |
color, luster, specific gravity, malleability, ductility |
Crystal System |
isometric |
Chemical Classification |
element |
Chemical Composition |
copper, Cu |
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Copper from Bisbee, Arizona.
This specimen is approximately 2.5 inches (6.4 centimeters) across.
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More Information About Minerals!
Mineral photographs that appear on this page with a Geology.com copyright mark are property of Geology.com and may not be used beyond our website. If you like these photos and would like to share them with others please link to this page or email its URL. The photos were taken and composed by Ann Bryant.
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