References Cited

Afonso, J.C., and others, 1994, Hydrocarbon distribution in the Iratí shale oil: Fuel, v. 73, p. 363-366.

Alfredson, P.G., 1985, Review of oil shale research in Australia, in Eighteenth Oil Shale Symposium Proceedings: Golden, Colorado School of Mines Press, p. 162-175.

American Society for Testing and Materials, 1966, Designation D 388-66-Specifications for classification of coals by rank: Annual Book of ASTM Standards, p. 66-71.

American Society for Testing and Materials, 1984, Designation D 3904-80-Standard test method for oil from oil shale: Annual Book of ASTM Standards, p. 513-525.

Andersson, Astrid, Dahlman, Bertil, Gee, D.G., and Snäll, Sven, 1985, The Scandinavian Alum Shales: Sveriges Geologiska Undersoekning, Serie Ca: Avhandlingar och Uppsatser I A4, NR 56, 50 p.

Avid, B., and Purevsuren, B., 2001, Chemical composition of organic matter of the Mongolian Khoot oil shale: Oil Shale, v. 18, p. 15-23.

Baker, J.D., and Hook, C.O., 1979, Chinese and Estonian oil shale in Twelfth Oil Shale Symposium Proceedings: Golden, Colorado School of Mines Press, p. 26-31.

Ball, F.D., and Macauley, G., 1988, The geology of New Brunswick oil shales, eastern Canada in Proceedings International Conference on Oil Shale and Shale Oil: Beijing, Chemical Industry Press, p. 34-41.

Bauert, Heikki, 1994, The Baltic oil shale basin-An overview, in Proceedings 1993 Eastern Oil Shale Symposium: University of Kentucky Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, p. 411-421.

Beard, T.M., Tait, D.B., and Smith, J.W., 1974, Nahcolite and dawsonite resources in the Green River Formation, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado, in Guidebook to the Energy Resources of the Piceance Creek Basin, 25th field conference: Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, p. 101-109.

Bergh, Sigge, 1994, Uranium production in Sweden: Oil Shale, v. 11, p. 147-150.

Bouchta, R., 1984, Valorization studies of the Moroccon [sic] oil shales: Office Nationale de Researches et Exploitations Petrolieres B.P. 774, Agdal, Rabat, Maroc, 28 p.

Bowen, C.F., 1917, Phosphatic oil shales near Dell and Dillon, Beaverhead County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 661, p. 315-320.

Chilin, Zhou, 1995, General description of Fushun oil shale retorting factory in China: Oil Shale, v. 13, p. 7-11.

Cole, R.D., and Daub, G.J., 1991, Methane occurrences and potential resources in the lower Parachute Creek Member of Green River Formation, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado in 24th Oil Shale Symposium Proceedings: Colorado School of Mines Quarterly, v. 83, no. 4, p. 1-7.

Conant, L.C., and Swanson, V.E., 1961, Chattanooga Shale and related rocks of central Tennessee and nearby areas: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 357, 91 p.

Condit, D.D., 1919, Oil shale in western Montana, southeastern Idaho, and adjacent parts of Wyoming and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 711, p. 15-40.

Cook, A.C., and Sherwood, N.R., 1989, The oil shales of eastern Australia, in Proceedings 1988 Eastern Oil Shale Symposium: Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Univ. Kentucky, p. 185-196.

Crisp, P.T., Ellis, John, Hutton, A.C., Korth, Jurgen, Martin, F.A., and Saxby, J.D., 1987, Australian oil shales-A compendium of geological and chemical data: North Ryde, NSW, Australia, CSIRO Inst. Energy and Earth Sciences, Div. of Fossil Fuels, 109 p.

Culbertson, W.C., Smith, J.W., and Trudell, L.G., 1980, Oil shale resources and geology of the Green River Formation in the Green River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Department of Energy Laramie Energy Technology Center LETC/RI-80/6, 102 p.

Davies, G.R., and Nassichuk, W.W., 1988, An Early Carboniferous (Viséan) lacustrine oil shale in Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Bulletin American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 72, p. 8-20.

Day, R.L., 1998, Solution mining of Colorado nahcolite, in Proceedings of the First International Soda Ash Conference, Rock Springs, Wyoming, June 10-12, 1997: Wyoming State Geological Survey Public Information Circular 40, p. 121-130.

de Witt, Wallace, Jr., Roen, J.B., and Wallace, L.G., 1993, Stratigraphy of Devonian black shales and associated rocks in the Appalachian Basin, in Petroleum Geology of the Devonian and Mississippian black shale of eastern North America: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1909, Chapter B, p. B1-B57.

Donnell, J.R., 1961, Tertiary geology and oil-shale resources of the Piceance Creek Basin between the Colorado and White Rivers, northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1082-L, p. 835-891.

Donnell, J.R.,1980, Western United States oil-shale resources and geology, in Synthetic Fuels from Oil Shale: Chicago, Institute of Gas Technology, p. 17-19.

Du, Chengjun, and Nuttall, H.E., 1985, The history and future of China's oil shale industry, in Eighteenth Oil Shale Symposium Proceedings: Golden, Colorado School of Mines Press, p. 210-215.

Dyni, J.R., 1974, Stratigraphy and nahcolite resources of the saline facies of the Green River Formation in northwest Colorado, in Guidebook to the Energy Resources of the Piceance Creek Basin, 25th field conference: Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, p. 111-122.

Dyni, J.R.,1997, Sodium carbonate resources of the Green River Formation: Wyoming State Geological Survey Information Circular 38, p. 123-143.

Dyni, J.R.,1998, Prospecting for Green River-type sodium carbonate deposits, in Proceedings of the First International Soda Ash Conference, vol. II: Wyoming State Geological Survey Information Circular 40, p. 37-47.

Dyni, J.R., Anders, D.E., and Rex, R.C., Jr., 1990, Comparison of hydroretorting, Fischer assay, and Rock-Eval analyses of some world oil shales, in Proceedings 1989 Eastern Oil Shale Symposium: Lexington, University of Kentucky Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, p. 270-286.

Fainberg, V., and Hetsroni, G., 1996, Research and development in oil shale combustion and processing in Israel: Oil Shale, v. 13, p. 87-99.

Gavin, M.J., 1924, Oil shale, an historical, technical, and economic study: U.S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 210, 201 p.

Grande, Lance, 1984, Paleontology of the Green River Formation with a review of the fish fauna [2d ed.]: Geological Survey of Wyoming Bulletin 63, 333 p.

Güleç, K., and Önen, A., 1993, Turkish oil shales-Reserves, characterization and utilization, in Proceedings, 1992 Eastern Oil Shale Symposium, November 17-20, Lexington: University of Kentucky Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, p. 12-24.

Guo-Quan, Shi, 1988, Shale oil industry in Maoming, in Proceedings International Conference on Oil Shale and Shale Oil: Beijing, Chemical Industry Press, p. 670-678.

Hamarneh, Yousef, 1998, Oil shale resources development in Jordan: Amman, Natural Resources Authority, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, 98 p.

Harris, R.E., 1997, Fifty years of Wyoming trona mining, in Prospect to Pipeline: Casper, Wyoming Geological Association, 48th Guidebook, p. 177-182.

Hutton, A.C., 1987, Petrographic classification of oil shales: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 8, p. 203-231.

Hutton, A.C., 1988, Organic petrography of oil shales: U.S. Geological Survey short course, January 25-29, Denver, Colo., 306 p., 16 p. of app. [unpublished].

Hutton, A.C., 1991, Classification, organic petrography and geochemistry of oil shale, in Proceedings 1990 Eastern Oil Shale Symposium: Lexington, University of Kentucky Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, p. 163-172.

Hyde, R.S., 1984, Oil shales near Deer Lake, Newfoundland: Geological Survey of Canada Open-File Report OF 1114, 10 p.

Jaber, J.O., Probert, S.D., and Badr, O., 1997, Prospects for the exploitation of Jordanian oil shale: Oil Shale, v. 14, p. 565-578.

Johnson, E.A., 1990, Geology of the Fushun coalfield, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China: International Journal Coal Geology, v. 14, p. 217-236.

Kalkreuth, W.D., and Macauley, George, 1987, Organic petrology and geochemical (Rock-Eval) studies on oil shales and coals from the Pictou and Antigonish areas, Nova Scotia, Canada: Canadian Petroleum Geology Bulletin, v. 35, p. 263-295.

Kashirskii, V., 1996, Problems of the development of Russian oil shale industry: Oil Shale, v. 13, p. 3-5.

Kattai, V., and Lokk, U., 1998, Historical review of the kukersite oil shale exploration in Estonia: Oil Shale, v. 15, no. 2, p. 102-110.

Kattai, V., Saadre, T., and Savitski, L., 2000, Eesti Polevkivi (Estonian Oil Shale): Eesti Geoloogiakeskus, 226 p., 22 plates [in Estonian with an extended English summary].

Knapman, Leonie, 1988, Joadja Creek, the shale oil town and its people 1870-1911: Sidney, Hale and Iremonger, 176 p.

Kogerman, Aili, 1996, Estonian oil shale energy, when will it come to an end?: Oil Shale, v. 13, p. 257-264.

Kogerman, Aili, 1997, Archaic manner of low-temperature carbonization of oil shale in wartime Germany: Oil Shale, v. 14, p. 625-629.

Lippmaa, E., and Maramäe, E., 1999, Dictyonema Shale and uranium processing at Sillamäe: Oil Shale, v. 16, p. 291-301.

Lippmaa, E., and Maramäe, E., 2000, Uranium production from the local Dictyonema Shale in northeast Estonia: Oil Shale, v. 17, p. 387-394.

Lippmaa, E., and Maramäe, E., 2001, Extraction of uranium from local Dictyonema Shale at Sillamäe in 1948-1952: Oil Shale, v. 18, p. 259-271.

Loog, A., Aruväli, J., and Petersell, V., 1996, The nature of potassium in Tremadocian Dictyonema Shale (Estonia): Oil Shale, v. 13, p. 341-350.

Macauley, George, 1981, Geology of the oil shale deposits of Canada: Geological Survey of Canada Open-File Report OF 754, 155 p.

Macauley, George, 1984a, Cretaceous oil shale potential of the Prairie Provinces, Canada: Geological Survey of Canada Open-File Report OF 977, 61 p.

Macauley, George, 1984b, Cretaceous oil shale potential in Saskatchewan: Saskatchewan Geological Society Special Publication 7, p. 255-269.

Macauley, George, 1986, Recovery and economics of oil shale development, Canada [preprint]: Calgary, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, June 1986 convention, 7 p.

Macauley, George, Ball, F.D., and Powell, T.G., 1984, A review of the Carboniferous Albert Formation oil shales, New Brunswick: Canadian Petroleum Geology Bulletin, v. 32, p. 27-37.

Macauley, George, Snowdon, L.R., and Ball, F.D., 1985, Geochemistry and geological factors governing exploitation of selected Canadian oil shale deposits: Geological Survey of Canada Paper 85-13, 65 p.

MacGinitie, H.D., 1969, The Eocene Green River flora of northwestern Colorado and northeastern Utah: Berkeley, University of California Press, 203 p.

Matheson, S.G., 1987, A summary of oil shale resources and exploration in Queensland during 1986-87, in Proceedings of the 4th Australian workshop on oil shale, Brisbane, Dec. 3-4: Menai, NSW, Australia, CSIRO Division of Energy Chemistry, p. 3-7.

Matthews, R.D., 1983, The Devonian-Mississippian oil shale resource of the United States, in Gary, J.H., ed., Sixteenth Oil Shale Symposium Proceedings: Golden, Colorado School of Mines Press, p. 14-25.40.

Matthews, R.D., Janka, J.C., and Dennison, J.M., 1980, Devonian oil shale of the eastern United States, a major American energy resource [preprint]: Evansville, Ind., American Association of Petroleum Geologists Meeting, Oct. 1-3, 1980, 43 p.

McFarlane, 1984, Why the United States needs synfuels, in Proceedings: 1984 Eastern Oil Shale Symposium, Nov. 26-28, Lexington, University of Kentucky Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, p. 1-8.

McKenna, M.C., 1960, Fossil mammalia from the early Wasatchian Four Mile fauna, Eocene of northwest Colorado: Berkeley, University of California Press, 130 p.

Miknis, F.P., 1990, Conversion characteristics of selected foreign and domestic oil shales, in Twenty-third Oil Shale Symposium Proceedings: Golden, Colorado School of Mines Press, p. 100-109.

Milton, Charles, 1977, Mineralogy of the Green River Formation: The Mineralogical Record, v. 8, p. 368-379.

Minster, Tsevi, 1994, The role of oil shale in the Israeli Energy balance: Lexington, University of Kentucky, Center for Applied Energy Research, Energia, v. 5, no. 5, p. 1, 4-6.

Moore, S.W., Madrid, H.B., and Server, G.T., Jr., 1983, Results of oil-shale investigations on northeastern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-586, 56 p., 3 app.

Noon, T.A., 1984, Oil shale resources in Queensland, in Proceedings of the second Australian workshop on oil shale: Sutherland, NSW, Australia, CSIRO Division of Energy Chemistry, p. 3-8.

Office National de Recherches et D'exploitation Petrolieres, [1983?], Ressources potentielles du Maroc en schistes bitumineux: B.P. 744, Agdal, Rabat, Maroc, 9 p., 1 map.

Opik, I., 1998, Future of the Estonian oil shale energy sector: Oil Shale, v. 15, no. 3, p. 295-301.

Ozimic, Stanley, and Saxby, J.D., 1983, Oil shale methodology, an examination of the Toolebuc Formation and the laterally contiguous time equivalent units, Eromanga and Carpenteria Basins [in eastern Queensland and adjacent states], NERDDC Project 78/2616: Australian Bureau of Mineral Resources and CSIRO [variously paged].

Padula, V.T., 1969, Oil shale of Permian Iratí Formation, Brazil: Bulletin American Association Petroleum Geologists, v. 53, p. 591-602.

PAMA, Ltd., [2000?], Energy from oil shale in Israel [undated brochure].

Pápay, L., 1998, Varieties of sulphur in the alginite sequence of Kössen facies from the borehole Rezi Rzt-1 W-Hungary: Oil Shale, v. 15, p. 221-223.

Pierce, B.S., Warwick, P.D., and Landis, E.R., 1994, Assessment of the solid fuel resource potential of Armenia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-179, 59 p.

Pitman, J.K., and Johnson, R.C., 1978, Isopach, structure contour, and resource maps of the Mahogany oil-shale zone, Green River Formation, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Map MF-958, 2 sheets.

Pitman, J.K., Pierce, F.W., and Grundy, W.D., 1989, Thickness, oil-yield, and kriged resource estimates for the Eocene Green River Formation, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Investigations Chart OC-132, 6 sheets with 4-page text.

Puura, V., Martins, A., Baalbaki, K., and Al-Khatib, K., 1984, Occurrence of oil shales in the south of Syrian Arab Republic (SAR): Oil Shale, v. 1, p. 333-340 [in Russian with English summary].

Reinsalu, E., 1998a, Is Estonian oil shale beneficial in the future: Oil Shale, v. 15, no. 2, p. 97-101.

Reinsalu, E., 1998b, Criteria and size of Estonian oil shale reserves: Oil Shale, v. 15, no. 2, p. 111-133.

Robl, T.L., Hutton, A.C., and Dixon, Derek, 1993, The organic petrology and geochemistry of the Toarcian oil shale of Luxembourg in Proceedings 1992 Eastern Oil Shale Symposium: Lexington, University of Kentucky Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, p. 300-312.

Roen, J.B., and Kepferle, R.C., eds., 1993, Petroleum geology of the Devonian and Mississippian black shale of eastern North America: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1909, Chapters A through N [variously paged].

Russell, P.L., 1990, Oil shales of the world, their origin, occurrence and exploitation: New York, Pergamon Press, 753 p.

Schora, F.C., Janka, J.C., Lynch, P.A., and Feldkirchner, Harlan, 1983, Progress in the commercialization of the Hytort Process, in Proceedings 1982 Eastern Oil Shale Symposium: Lexington, University of Kentucky, Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, p. 183-190.

Sener, Mehmet, Senguler, I., Kok, M.V., 1995, Geological considerations for the economic evaluation of oil shale deposits in Turkey: Fuel, v. 74, p. 999-1003.

Sherwood, N.R., and Cook, A.C., 1983, Petrology of organic matter in the Toolebuc Formation oil shales, in Proceedings of the First Australian Workshop on Oil Shale, Lucas Heights, 18-19 May, 1983: Sutherland, NSW, Australia, CSIRO Division of Energy Chemistry, p. 35-38.

Smith, J.W., 1980, Oil shale resources of the United States: Golden, Colorado School of Mines, Mineral and Energy Resources, v. 23, no. 6, 30 p.

Smith, W.D., and Naylor, R.D., 1990, Oil shale resources of Nova Scotia: Nova Scotia Department of Mines and Energy Economic Geology Series 90-3, 274 p.

Smith, W.D., Naylor, R.D., and Kalkreuth, W.D., 1989, Oil shales of the Stellarton Basin, Nova Scotia, Canada-Stratigraphy, depositional environment, composition and potential uses, in Twenty-second Oil Shale Symposium Proceedings: Golden, Colorado School of Mines Press, p. 20-30.

Stach, E., Taylor, G.H., Mackowsky, M.-Th., Chandra, D., Teichmüller, M., and Teichmüller, R., 1975, Stach's textbook of coal petrology: Berlin, Gebrüder Borntraeger, 428 p.

Stanfield, K.E., and Frost, I.C., 1949, Method of assaying oil shale by a modified Fischer retort: U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 4477, 13 p.

Troger, Uwe, 1984, The oil shale potential of Egypt: Berliner Geowiss, Abh, v. 50, p. 375-380.

Trudell, L.G., Roehler, H.W., and Smith, J.W., 1973, Geology of Eocene rocks and oil yields of Green River oil shales on part of Kinney Rim, Washakie Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 7775, 151 p.

Trudell, L.G., Smith, J.W., Beard, T.N., and Mason, G.M., 1983, Primary oil-shale resources of the Green River Formation in the eastern Uinta Basin, Utah: Department of Energy Laramie Energy Technology Center, DOE/LC/RI-82-4, 58 p.

Vanichseni, S., Silapabunleng, K., Chongvisal, V., and Prasertdham, P., 1988, Fluidized bed combustion of Thai oil shale, in Proceedings International Conference on Oil Shale and Shale Oil: Beijing, Chemical Industry Press, p. 514-526.

Wiig, S.V., Grundy, W.D., and Dyni, J.R., 1995, Trona resources in the Green River Formation, southwest Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-476, 88 p.

Winchester, D.E., 1916, Oil shale in northwestern Colorado and adjacent areas: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 641-F, p. 139-198.

Winchester, D.E., 1923, Oil shale of the Rocky Mountain region: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 729, 204 p.

Woodruff, E.G., and Day, D.T., 1914, Oil shales of northwestern Colorado and northeastern Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 581, p. 1-21.

Yefimov, V., 1996, Creation of an oil shale industry in Kazakhstan may become a reality: Oil Shale, v. 13, p. 247-248.

Yefimov, V., Doilov, S., and Pulemyotov, I., 1997, Some common traits of thermal destruction of oil shale from various deposits of the world: Oil Shale, v. 14, p. 599-604.